Types of obesity
Obesity is not a singular path; it has various types and degrees that impact the patient in one way or another. From abdominal obesity to morbid obesity, each category requires a specific analysis. Understanding these types and degrees is the first step to solving the problem.
Types of Obesity
Visceral Obesity: Focused on the accumulation of fat around the internal organs, visceral obesity is mainly linked to metabolic and cardiovascular problems. Combating it requires an integral approach that includes diet and exercise.
Subcutaneous Obesity: This variant involves the accumulation of fat just below the skin. While some risks are associated, subcutaneous obesity is generally addressed with lifestyle changes and physical activity.
Android Obesity (or Apple-shaped): Characterized by fat accumulation in the abdominal area. This type of obesity increases the risk of heart diseases and diabetes. Targeted weight loss strategies are key.
Gynoid Obesity (or Pear-shaped): Here, fat accumulates in the hips and thighs. Although it may have fewer metabolic risks, it can still affect health. A balanced diet and exercise are essential.
Degrees of Obesity:
The degrees of obesity, classified from I to III according to the body mass index (BMI), offer a more detailed insight:
Obesity Grade I (BMI 30-34.9): Initial health risks, but lifestyle changes can be effective. Increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and other health problems. The treatment approach should focus on lifestyle changes, dietary modification, increased physical activity. Medical intervention may be necessary based on the initial assessment.
Obesity Grade II (BMI 35-39.9): Higher risk of chronic diseases. Medical interventions and changes in diet are essential. Greater likelihood of developing chronic conditions such as hypertension. The treatment approach is more heavily emphasized on lifestyle changes. Medical supervision is crucial and surgery may be considered.
Obesity Grade III (BMI ≥ 40): Morbid obesity with significant health risks. More aggressive interventions, such as bariatric surgery, may be considered. High risk of cardiovascular diseases, advanced diabetes, and respiratory problems. Mobility and quality of life may be significantly compromised.
How is the degree of obesity classified?
To measure the degree of obesity, the Body Mass Index (BMI) is used, which is calculated by dividing the weight in kg by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2).
Thus, obesity is classified into:
A: Normal: BMI < 25
B: Overweight Grade I: BMI 25-27
C: Overweight Grade II (pre-obesity): BMI 27-30
D: Obesity Type I (moderate): BMI 30-35
E: Obesity Type II (severe): BMI 35-40
F: Obesity Type III (morbid): BMI 40-50
G: Obesity Type IV (super obesity): BMI 50-60
H: Super-super obesity: BMI >60
It is essential to emphasize that these degrees are classification tools and that each individual is unique. The decision on treatment and specific strategies should be based on a comprehensive evaluation performed by health professionals, who may consider factors such as overall health, pre-existing medical conditions, and the patient’s clinical history.
Why is it important to control the degree of obesity?
Controlling the degree and type of obesity should be crucial for the patient as it is the only way to manage and design the appropriate strategies for effective treatment, always under the supervision and direction of a medical specialist. The patient must be aware as the way to avoid long-term complications, improve quality of life, and reduce all associated health risks.
Early attention and visiting the specialist can help address a personalized approach that is the key to success in reversing the situation.
